It's
Squeezebox Transporter time!
In order to do the measurements, I brought the gear downstairs to the
basement which is an electrically quieter environment. There's a
Belkin PureAV PF60 power center there for all the equipment. Also, the
measuring computer is now the AMD Phenom X4 laptop with Win 8 usually
used by my kids :-). The laptop was running on battery - I could detect a
0.5dB difference with the AC adaptor plugged in down at the -110dB
noise level.
One note about the XLR measurements you'll notice - the THD levels are a
bit higher than RCA. I believe this is a result of the fact that the
E-Mu 0404USB could not handle the XLR voltage from the Transporter and I
had to use the analogue attenuators to (just barely!) avoid clipping.
Lets start with the
44kHz signal:
Undoubtedly, the XLR output is significantly better than RCA. One
observation is that through the RCA's, the stereo crosstalk remained
around -90dB whether the signal was 16 or 24-bits. I'm not sure if this
is the limit of the Transporter itself, or has to do with the
cables I used - a pair of AudioQuest 6' interconnects. I don't remember
which model of AudioQuests these were (bought a few years ago in a
moment of weakness :-) but they are longer than the 3' I had been using
to measure upstairs.
Now for
24/96:
Again, we see the -90dB stereo crosstalk limit with the RCA output.
XLR's measure is fantastic! Likely hitting the performance limits of the
E-MU 0404USB and ~3dB better than the Essence One (of course the E1 did
not have the benefits of a power filter or low noise environment of the
laptop running on battery).
The WiFi router was in the same room as the Transporter hence the 90+%
wireless strength. No difference in the measurements whether WiFi or
ethernet.
To show in graph form the difference in noise floor between the RCA and XLR:
Notice the noise spikes like at 60Hz using the RCA cable (the AQ
construction seems to be shielded but can't confirm unless I cut it
open!).
Conclusion:
1. Overall the Transporter measures well! Phenomenal XLR performance -
best I have been able to measure so far; >19-bit dynamic range.
2. A bit unclear about that stereo crosstalk measurement with RCA
however. A bit higher than I'd have expected. Might need to try a
different cable and see... (In case anyone wondering, I have not opened
up the Transporter to change the unbalanced volume attenuation.) --- SEE
ADDENDUM: I believe it's the cable!
ADDENDUM - (Cables do make a difference :-)
Further exploration of the stereo crosstalk issue shows that it likely
was the cable afterall! I switched the analogue out from the AudioQuest
(can't confirm but the cable looks like the current "Yosemite" model on
their web page) to a pair of old 6' Tributaries interconnects (probably
50% the cost). As seen below the Tributaries improved stereo crosstalk
by ~2.5dB:
Here's how the graph looks (AQ [white] vs. Tributaries):
Furthermore we're starting to see that 24-bit audio is starting to show
better separation compared to the 16-bit data with the Tributaries
suggesting that the cable was the limiting factor! I expect a good 3'
cable would improvement the measurement even further. At this point
then, I believe the Transporter's RCA stereo crosstalk is just fine.
Interesting that the more expensive AudioQuest measured worse than the
Tributaries in this setup. As a result of this, I'm going to demote the
AQ's to my CD player - something I would never know to do unless I ran
this objective test.
------
Before I leave the Transporter alone... I wanted to see
if turning on the TosLink effects loop affected measurements. Normally, I
have the Transporter --> TosLink --> Behringer DEQ2496 (room EQ)
--> TosLink --> Transporter as DAC, so it'd be nice to know that
the DEQ in digital mode doesn't affect the final sound (tested at
24/96).
With the DEQ2496 on bypass mode (ie. no room EQ processing):
Using the Tributaries RCA cable as output, no difference whether the
DEQ2496 was digitally in line or not. Note that I used rather generic
TosLinks - well constructed relatively thick plastic optical cables
bought on sale for $10 each. Alas, by this time I had disconnected the
XLR's and I didn't care to disrupt the Transporter setup again :-)
------
Transporter Jitter measurements (Dunn J-Test 24/48, XLR):
Direct from the analogue output, this looks good! The usual beautiful Transporter jitter plot. The 6 tiny spikes/sidebands
are estimated as <300ps total (I think Stereophile measured
230-270ps) - nice corroboration!
Now what happens with the DEQ2496 in line (remember, the digital data is now going through 2 TosLink cables as described above)?
Obviously quite a bit more jitter has been injected by the Behringer! My
estimate looking at the top 8 sidebands suggests that the jitter level
now is 2ns using some measurements in WaveSpectra!
Since I can just turn the digital loop on and off, I can do
instantaneous A-B'ing of the sound. Even in this condition, I cannot say
the clearly increased jitter is at all noticeable. What can I say, even
knowing this I'm just fine with keeping the DEQ2496 in line and use the
room EQ function since *that* is audible! At least now I can say I've
done an A-B test examining the effect of 2ns jitter for myself.
Addendum: Feb 27, 2013
Thanks to slimdevices forum member "tpaxadpom" who measured the digital output with the AP2722 unit:
AES/EBU 377.3-424.5 ps
SPDIF RCA 566 ps
SPDIF BNC 283-330.2 ps (rca cable with 2 bnc adapters yielded the same results)
Toslink 1.462 - 4.103 ns depending on the cable used. I've tested 4 or 5 different toslink cables.
Looks like the Transporter's BNC connection is the winner followed by AES/EBU. TosLink worst for jitter not surprisingly.
Addendum: March 6, 2013
Got some AES/EBU digital cables -
here are the measurements.
Addendum: June 26, 2013
As part of the transport measurements, I decided to have a closer look at the Transporter. Here's some more data to consider:
Lovely 24/44 square wave at 0dBFS off the RCA output. Peak voltage of 2.95V. Very nice channel balance.
Impulse response (16/44):
This is the standard "sharp" filter. Linear phase. Absolute phase maintained.
When you set to "slow" roll-off, look what happens:
Wow... Barely any pre and post-ringing! However, clearly to achieve this, roll-off is expected to be
very significant.
The "big board" RightMark summary - all based on RCA analogue output:
Look at the 16/44 frequency response; clearly roll-off is quite significant. Here's the graph:
You see the response deviating significantly by about 8kHz and more than -1dB by 15kHz. For good 'youngish' ears, that's significant.
This is what 24-bit buys you in terms of noise floor - remember this is with RCA output, expected to be even better with the XLR:
At 24/96, the filters are still quite different, but inaudible difference for anyone but cats, dogs and machines :-):
RCA analogue output Dunn J-Test:
16-bit (16/44):
24-bit (24/48):
Summary: I remain very impressed with the Transporter. Kudos to Sean Adams and the Slimdevices team back in the day. Technically a beautifully designed machine and it remains my primary digital front end in the listen room. I was a bit surprised by the slope of the slow roll-off - much more than I thought!